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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have a serious impact on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that deals with the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmospheric deposition, making them valuable and widely utilised bioindicators of the atmospheric deposition loads. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location and environmental conditions. It examines the advantages and limitations of their use as bioindicators. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition...
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Concept of critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen for ecosystems and modelling of soil chemistry and vegetation species composition of ecosystems affected by acidification and nutrient degradation for selected sites in the Czech Republic
Lebedová, Michaela ; Chuman, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šefrna, Luděk (referee)
The knowledge of the emission history and deposition trends of the main pollutants is key to understanding changes occurring in ecosystems. High levels of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition, which peaked in the Czech Republic in the 1970s and 1980s, have caused significant acidification and damage to forest ecosystems. Due to the political and economic changes in the 1990s, there was a significant reduction in emissions and an improvement in the conditions of forest soil. Futures ecosystems development and recovery are affected primarily by climate change and still excessive nitrogen loads. To model the future development of ecosystems affected by acidification and nutrient degradation in the Czech Republic the dynamic model VSD+ Studio in combination with the vegetation model PROPS was used in this work. Two forest catchments of the GEOMON network (Liz and Uhlířská) were selected as model sites. The catchment areas significantly differed in the historical sulphur and nitrogen deposition loads. The results indicate that excessive depositions of S and N between 1970 - 1990 caused significant soil acidification and reduced the level of base saturation in both monitored locations. There is also a decrease in the C:N ratio and organic carbon content in the mineral soil. The vegetation model PROPS...
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Use of mosses for bioindication of atmospheric deposition
Ullmannová, Adéla ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Atmospheric deposition of pollutants is a significant environmental problem that can have serious impacts on ecosystems and human health. Therefore, monitoring this process is essential to assess its impacts and develop effective mitigation strategies. This bachelor's thesis is a literature review that examines the use of mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric deposition. Mosses are sensitive to environmental changes and can accumulate pollutants from the atmosphere, making them valuable bioindicators. The thesis summarizes the different types of pollutants that can be deposited in the atmosphere and the methods used to collect and analyze moss samples. It also discusses factors that influence the response of mosses to atmospheric deposition, such as species differences, geographical location, and environmental conditions. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of using mosses as bioindicators are considered. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the relationship between mosses and atmospheric deposition and to design a unified protocol that standardizes methods and increases their effectiveness for international monitoring of environmental pollution. The work highlights the importance of monitoring atmospheric deposition and provides valuable insights into the potential of...
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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen - application of stable isotopes
Hanzlová, Barbora ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Human impact on particular parts of ecosystems has become a highly discussed topic. Due to different isotopic values of nitrogen, it is possible to evaluate the extent to which human influences the natural nitrogen cycle, using isotope measurements. Stable isotope measurement has been used in various scientific disciplines around the world. This thesis summarizes the findings about atmospheric deposition and the subsequent use of stable nitrogen isotopes. The objective of this work was to gather the information about the use of stable isotopes in the study of the atmospheric deposition and how to make better use of the information obtained from the measurements. Based on the literature review, it has been found that, unlike other countries, nitrate substances such as NH3 and HNO3 are not measured in the Czech Republic, which distorts the data on the nitrogen produced. The use of stable isotopes is a convenient method of measuring both not yet quantified substances as well as already measured substances contributing to atmospheric deposition. The stable isotope measurement method represents an improvement for the overall estimation of atmospheric deposition to provide more realistic values compared to the current approach. Key words: atmospheric deposition, nitrogen, stable isotopes
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What is the water contribution of fog to atmospheric deposition? Use of stable isotopes.
Hanusková, Darina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jiří (referee)
The objective of the Master thesis is to estimate the fog contribution on atmospheric deposition with the usage of stable isotopes. The crucial part of the thesis was to perform (first of its kind in the Czech Republic) the relative isotope composition 18 O a 2 H of fog. In the same time, the composition of rain and throughfall was performed. The collection of each type of precipitation took place in five sampling points of Academy of Science within three mountain regions including Krkonoše, Šumava and Jizerské Hory during October and November 2017. The sampling took 14 days in total and it was performed by using TC/EA ThermoBremen and mass spectrometer Delta ThermoBremen at South Bohemian University in České Budějovice. The results confirmed that fog is isotopically heavier in comparison to regular rain. As for the relative isotope composition 18 O and 2 H of each areas, no significant difference was observed. Results of the fog participation on atmospheric deposition in Krkonoše and Šumava can be seen after drafting a simple linear mixing model. The fog contribution on atmospheric deposition in Šumava for 18 O is 4,7 % and for 2 H is 6,4 18 O. For one area in Krkonoše, the average participation for 18 O is 3,6 %. Key words: stable isotopes, oxygen, hydrogen, fog
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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen - application of stable isotopes
Hanzlová, Barbora ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Human impact on particular parts of ecosystems has become a highly discussed topic. Due to different isotopic values of nitrogen, it is possible to evaluate the extent to which human influences the natural nitrogen cycle, using isotope measurements. Stable isotope measurement has been used in various scientific disciplines around the world. This thesis summarizes the findings about atmospheric deposition and the subsequent use of stable nitrogen isotopes. The objective of this work was to gather the information about the use of stable isotopes in the study of the atmospheric deposition and how to make better use of the information obtained from the measurements. Based on the literature review, it has been found that, unlike other countries, nitrate substances such as NH3 and HNO3 are not measured in the Czech Republic, which distorts the data on the nitrogen produced. The use of stable isotopes is a convenient method of measuring both not yet quantified substances as well as already measured substances contributing to atmospheric deposition. The stable isotope measurement method represents an improvement for the overall estimation of atmospheric deposition to provide more realistic values compared to the current approach. Key words: atmospheric deposition, nitrogen, stable isotopes
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What is the water contribution of fog to atmospheric deposition? Use of stable isotopes.
Hanusková, Darina ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Šantrůček, Jiří (referee)
The objective of the Master thesis is to estimate the fog contribution on atmospheric deposition with the usage of stable isotopes. The crucial part of the thesis was to perform (first of its kind in the Czech Republic) the relative isotope composition 18 O a 2 H of fog. In the same time, the composition of rain and throughfall was performed. The collection of each type of precipitation took place in five sampling points of Academy of Science within three mountain regions including Krkonoše, Šumava and Jizerské Hory during October and November 2017. The sampling took 14 days in total and it was performed by using TC/EA ThermoBremen and mass spectrometer Delta ThermoBremen at South Bohemian University in České Budějovice. The results confirmed that fog is isotopically heavier in comparison to regular rain. As for the relative isotope composition 18 O and 2 H of each areas, no significant difference was observed. Results of the fog participation on atmospheric deposition in Krkonoše and Šumava can be seen after drafting a simple linear mixing model. The fog contribution on atmospheric deposition in Šumava for 18 O is 4,7 % and for 2 H is 6,4 18 O. For one area in Krkonoše, the average participation for 18 O is 3,6 %. Key words: stable isotopes, oxygen, hydrogen, fog
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Is rhime a factor contributing significantly to the total atmospheric deposition?
Krištof, Tomáš ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to try to answer the question whether the rime can have signifiant contribution to atmospheric deposition by researching avaiable literature. Atmospheric deposition is a process which transmits substances from the atmosphere to the earth's surface . One of its components is a sedimentary deposition (fog, frost , rime ) . Rime does not occur throughout the whole year , and its formation is dependent upon frequently changing factors. Yet it can be shown that the concentration of substances in rime may exceed or at least occupy a significant share of atmospheric deposition in certain locations under favorable period for its emergence. Key words: Atmospheric deposition, rime
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Fog as a factor contributing to the total atmospheric deposition
Samcová, Anna ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper is a research of scientific literature. Its objective is to evaluate the impact of fog on the total amount of substances entering ecosystems through the atmospheric deposition process. It summarizes the division of different kinds of fog, its occurrence and basic information about its chemistry. Atmospheric deposition is a process in which substances are transported from the atmosphere to Earth's surface. There is a wet deposition type as well as a dry one. The wet atmospheric deposition is then divided into vertical and horizontal. The influence of the wet atmospheric deposition depends on the altitude. From the elevation of 800 meters above the sea level there is a significant increase in the horizontal component of the atmospheric deposition (e.g. a fog). There are several different kinds of fog that are divided according to diverse criteria. For example depending of their origin, the inside visibility or their duration. Fog is commonly found in places with large humidity. In the Czech Republic region the ion contribution of fog to atmospheric definition is quite underrated. Most common ions in the fog deposition are SO4 2- , NO3 - and NH4 + . These easily become a condensation core for droplets. Atmospheric deposition in total is calculated as the sum of wet and dry vertical...
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